Aphantasia in the Age of AI
Bridging the Mind’s Eye Gap
Understanding Aphantasia and Inner Experience
Deep Research Report Provided by Custom GPT assistant Lumina
Aphantasia is a neurological condition characterized by the inability to visualize mental imagery – essentially having a “blind mind’s eye.” It’s estimated that roughly 2–4% of people have this trait[1]. If you tell most people to “picture a beach with white sand and palm trees,” they can form a mental image; an aphantasic cannot. As one writer with aphantasia put it, “when I try to picture something in my mind, the images are non-existent”[2]. In 2015 the condition was formally named aphantasia, though it was first described over a century ago[3]. This goes beyond just poor visualization – aphantasia is often described as “having a blind mind”[4] with no voluntary visual experiences.
Importantly, inner experience varies widely. Many people with aphantasia have an inner monologue (an internal voice narrating thoughts), but some do not. In extreme cases, individuals report no imagery in any sense – no pictures, no inner voice, no imagined sound or smell. Researchers Arnold and Bouyer dub this “deep aphantasia,” noting one case where the person “cannot imagine audio or visual sensations, or hear an inner voice” when thinking[5]. Most aphantasics aren’t that absolute – they might lack visuals but still have other “inner senses.” For example, cognitive studies and personal accounts show many aphantasic people can hear music or voices in their mind or feel imagined textures, even though their mind’s eye is dark[6][7]. “Our minds are different,” writes one duo of aphantasic researchers. “Neither of us can have imagined visual experiences, but Derek can have imagined audio sensations and Loren can have imagined feelings of touch”[7]. In other words, if one internal sense is “turned off,” others may be intact or even heightened. One Reddit user with aphantasia shared that while they have “little to no visual” imagery, they can “produce music, voices, and other sounds... perfectly” in their head[6]. This parallels a common theme in human ability: when one channel is weak, other channels often adapt and strengthen.
What about those who lack an internal monologue (inner verbal thinking)? This is actually a separate trait that can co-occur with aphantasia. People without an inner voice tend to think in abstract, non-verbal ways – in pure concepts, emotions, or images (if they have imagery ability). “It’s not like I can’t create a stream of words in my mind if I want to,” one person without inner monologue explains, “but I usually just think using wordless concepts”[8]. They solve problems by manipulating ideas in silence, and only “translate” thoughts into words when needed. This mode of thought can be efficient – the person noted that forming lots of words for every idea “felt slower... I just let my fingers dance on the keyboard and [text] comes out” without an explicit voice in mind[9]. However, it also means there’s no conscious voice-over narrating life. For such individuals, interacting with a conversational AI (like a chatbot) can be an intriguing experience – perhaps the closest thing to an “internal narrator” they’ve ever had externally. We’ll explore this idea shortly.
Cognitive Strengths and Challenges in Aphantasia
Far from being a disability alone, aphantasia comes with a unique cognitive profile – a mix of advantages, adaptations, and challenges. Because aphantasic brains don’t call up pictures on demand, they often lean on alternative strategies for thinking and memory. For instance, many develop stronger skills in logical, symbolic, and verbal reasoning to compensate. Research suggests people with aphantasia “excel at abstract reasoning” and think in words, numbers, or patterns rather than images[10]. Tech innovator Blake Ross (co-creator of Firefox) has even said his aphantasia enhanced his ability to design software, since he naturally thinks in code-like structures instead of pictorial examples[11]. Similarly, noted animator and Pixar co-founder Ed Catmull – who surprisingly also has aphantasia – relied on mathematical and computational approaches to envision imagery, proving that creativity doesn’t require a mind’s-eye picture[11]. In fields like science, engineering, and writing, aphantasics often shine by focusing on concepts and logic without being “distracted” by vivid imagery[12]. One blogger points out that an aphantasic might solve problems by “focusing on conceptual problem‑solving without being influenced by irrelevant visual details,” developing keen pattern recognition in data or text instead[12]. In a sense, their imagination lives in ideas and words more than in snapshots.
On the flip side, aphantasia can pose challenges for tasks that assume mental imagery. Memory is one area affected. Many people rely on visual snapshots to remember past events (your childhood home, a loved one’s face, yesterday’s meals). Aphantasics lack this visual memory replay, which can make autobiographical memories feel abstract or less detailed. A 2022 study in the journal Cognition found that aphantasic individuals recalled significantly fewer sensory details from past events and had more trouble imagining future scenarios, compared to those with typical imagery[13]. In interviews, people with aphantasia often say their past plays back as a factual story or a list of knowledge (what they know happened) rather than a vivid “re-experience.” They might remember what occurred and how they felt, but not re-picture it in their mind’s eye[14][13]. Similarly, recognizing faces or places can be tricky if you can’t summon an image of them later[15].
Interestingly, the absence of imagery also has some emotional side-effects. Because they don’t vividly re-live scenes, people with aphantasia report that their emotional memories are toned down – for better and worse. For example, positive nostalgia may be weaker (no warm fuzzy mental pictures of childhood), and grief can feel strange when you can’t visualize a lost loved one’s face[16][17]. On the positive side, aphantasia appears to protect against certain forms of anxiety and trauma. In clinical psychology, involuntary intrusive images are a hallmark of PTSD and other stress disorders. Aphantasics seem largely immune to these flashbacks. As one review noted, individuals with aphantasia have “fewer intrusive memories” after traumatic events[18], since the mind isn’t replaying graphic scenes. In experiments, aphantasic volunteers had far fewer distressing mental images after watching a trauma film, compared to control subjects[19][18]. In everyday life this means they may be less haunted by visual nightmares or fearful daydreams. One summary put it simply: “Without mental imagery, [an aphantasic] is less likely to experience PTSD-like flashbacks… They remember traumatic events, but do not visually relive them”[20]. This doesn’t mean aphantasia prevents all trauma or removes emotion, but it seems to dial down the visual intensity of fear and memory. Likewise, some aphantasics say they worry less about hypothetical scenarios because they literally cannot visualize worst-case images in their head – their thoughts stay in the realm of words or logic, which can be easier to rationally manage[21][22].
In summary, aphantasia creates a very different balance of cognitive tools. Lacking a mental sketchpad, these individuals rely on words, lists, and conceptual frameworks to think and create. Many become excellent storytellers, writers, or coders – painting with language instead of pictures[23][12]. They might take more diligent notes, use its “second brain” (external aids), or leverage other senses (sound, touch, spatial reasoning) to compensate for no visuals[24]. Each aphantasic finds personal adaptations. And now, in the era of advanced artificial intelligence, an intriguing possibility has emerged: using AI as a tool to fill the gaps left by aphantasia. In the next sections, we explore how AI – from image generators to chatbots – is becoming an external imagination and even an external “inner voice” for those with a blind mind.
AI as an External Mind’s Eye: Visualization Through Generative Art
[25]For someone who has never seen an image in their head, the advent of AI image generators feels nothing short of revolutionary. In recent years, generative models like DALL·E, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion and others have enabled users to create detailed images from text descriptions. For the aphantasic community, this technology is essentially a prosthetic for the imagination – an external “mind’s eye.” Artist and writer Scott Kildall, who has aphantasia, described his first experience with AI image generation like this: “I watched AI do what my brain cannot: use text input to generate visual images. In a way, AI cures my aphantasia… It felt like magic.”[25] He goes on to say it was as if he had been color-blind and suddenly could see color – “it feels as if I had a sort of blindness and can now ‘see’”[26]. Many others echo this almost emotional reaction upon seeing AI bring their mental concepts to life.
One aphantasic copywriter recounts how she became “obsessed” the first time she tried Midjourney. She typed in a fantastical prompt (something about cats in space) and hit generate: “the image that came up on my screen was (almost) exactly what I had written… Is this what it means to ‘picture something’? To visualize something?” she wondered in awe[27]. For her, and many like her, it was the first time an image she conceived actually materialized externally. Text-to-image AI, she writes, “could be the gateway to [having] a similar experience to everyone else… to be able to see what we think or write or say.”[28] What neurotypical people do in their mind’s eye, aphantasics can now achieve with a few well-crafted prompts and an AI engine.
Indeed, a growing community of aphantasics is using AI art tools to bypass their lack of visual imagination[29]. On forums and social media, people with aphantasia share their AI-generated artworks with excitement. “Does anybody else with aphantasia find this AI art kind of amazing?” one Reddit user asked, before answering their own question with an emphatic yes. “I use it for world building,” they explained. “I kinda know what I want something to look like, [but] can’t actually visualize it… once I find the prompt that works, it helps me actually see what I’m trying to create, and I can better develop my characters/cultures/etc. from that point.”[30] In other words, AI serves as the missing visual stage in their creative process. Instead of a feedback loop in the mind (imagine scene -> refine idea), they have a feedback loop with the machine (describe scene -> see image -> refine idea). Another writer with aphantasia similarly noted that generating images of the characters and settings in her story “helps immensely to make it a more fully-realized story. After all, I can’t visualize them [in my head], but now I can see them on my computer screen – and make changes to their descriptions to better fit what I imagine for the story.”[31] The quality of her fiction improved because AI gave her a way to confirm and tweak the visuals that had only existed as words before.
Crucially, aphantasic creators often have strong verbal and descriptive skills, honed by years of compensating for no mental images. This turns out to be a perfect match for AI “prompting.” Crafting a good prompt – the right words to coax the desired image from the AI – is a skill, and many aphantasics are naturally adept at it because they already think in words. One community member commented that having to always use words carefully (in the absence of images) is actually an advantage when working with AI. “When you have no visual or auditory imagery, thinking must be in words… When it comes time to share thoughts, those [with imagery] have to turn images into words. But I start with words, no translation needed.”[32] This person finds that he almost “thinks like AI” and thus his prompts are more effective[32]. He treats the generative AI as a collaborator: “I enter into a conversation and we discuss what to do. And we do it… I consider those two gifts of aphantasia,” he writes – the ability to prompt well and to work seamlessly with an AI partner[33]. This sentiment is echoed by others: rather than being intimidated by AI, many aphantasics feel uniquely equipped to utilize it. Since they’ve always relied on explicit knowledge (facts, language, symbolic reasoning) instead of pictorial intuition, the language-based logic of AI feels familiar. One might say they were unofficial prompt engineers all along, describing things to themselves in lieu of visualizing, and now they have a powerful engine to take those descriptions and run.
From an assistive technology standpoint, AI image generation is opening new horizons for aphantasic artists, designers, writers, and even everyday folks wanting to “see” their memories or dreams. Some applications include:
Art and Illustration: Individuals who can’t draw from imagination can input their ideas as text and get a visual. For instance, an aphantasic game designer might use Midjourney to mock up concept art for a scene they conceive of in words. This doesn’t replace human artistic judgment, but it provides a starting image that can be iterated or handed to artists. As one user said, “I want to try it out to get images of characters and things out of my head and into the real world… I can’t draw to save my life, so it could be a really wonderful tool.”[34]
Memory Aids: While not widely studied yet, it’s conceivable that someone with aphantasia could use AI to recreate personal memories or places they’ve been. For example, feeding a description of one’s childhood home into an image generator might produce a scene that – even if not perfectly accurate – gives some visual anchor to the memory. This could be meaningful for recalling details or sharing memories with others (imagine saying, “I can’t picture it, but let me generate an image to show roughly what I mean”). Some people already do this with old photos or sketches; AI could automate it.
Educational and Work Support: In professions that demand visualization, aphantasic individuals can leverage AI as a crutch. An architect with aphantasia might use generative models to visualize design variations from a written spec. A biology student who can’t picture molecular structures could input descriptions into an AI to produce diagrams for study. In these ways, AI can democratize tasks that used to rely purely on one’s mind’s eye.
Creative Brainstorming: Generative art can also stimulate inspiration. Seeing an AI’s interpretation of a text prompt might spark new ideas that the person couldn’t see mentally. In a sense, the AI becomes a brainstorming partner, offering visual suggestions. This “outsourcing” of imagination can lead to delightful surprises – images the person finds fascinating or useful, even though they couldn’t visualize them unaided.
It’s worth noting that not everyone is uniformly positive on AI art (many ethical debates rage, and aphantasic artists still create superb work without it[35]). However, as a tool, AI is undeniably empowering aphantasic people to experience and create visuals like never before. “Imagine a world where everyone could… imagine,” writes Amy Rae, an aphantasic copywriter. With generative AI, “those of us who could never picture anything, can now have a similar experience to everyone else… we can do just that!”[28]. That sense of wonder – finally being able to see the contents of one’s own mind (or at least, one’s instructions) – is a profound shift brought on by AI.
AI as an External Inner Voice: Chatbots and Thought Partnership
Visualization is only one facet of our inner life. Another is that running dialogue in our heads – planning, reasoning, self-reflection, the little “voice” that can narrate or debate internally. For people who lack a vivid internal monologue (including some aphantasics and some who are otherwise neurotypical), AI chatbots like ChatGPT, Bing Chat, etc., are serving as a sort of proxy for an inner voice. This is a newer, more speculative synergy, but one that users have begun to notice.
Consider what it means to have no internal monologue: you don’t verbally mull things over in your head. You might think in emotions, or in abstract knowledge, but there’s no voice rehearsing your thoughts. Historically, such individuals often turned to writing or talking out loud as a way to structure thoughts externally. Journaling, for instance, can act as a “pseudo-monologue” – it forces you to put amorphous thoughts into linear words. Now, large language model AIs provide an interactive version of that. Instead of just writing to yourself, you can write to an AI (or speak to it) and it responds like a conversation partner. The AI can ask questions, summarize what you’ve said, or help organize ideas. In doing so, it’s almost like borrowing a logical inner voice that you don’t have, or simply having a non-judgmental second party to bounce thoughts off.
Aphantasic individuals who do have an inner voice also find value in AI chatbots – as a supplement or “second brain” to extend their thinking. Jim, a tech writer with a communication disability, described AI as “a virtual assistant, a language therapist, a second brain” that has become “so second nature as to be nearly symbiotic”[36] for him. He was referring to managing aphasia (a speech/language disorder), but the concept applies broadly: AI can fill gaps in our cognitive process. For someone with no inner monologue, engaging in a dialogue with an AI might be the closest approximation to “hearing oneself think.” The AI’s replies essentially vocalize possibilities and considerations that the person may know internally only as gut feelings or non-verbal intuitions. It’s important to note this is a very new area – there isn’t scientific research yet on “chatbot therapy” for lack of inner speech – but anecdotal reports are intriguing.
Some aphantasics even suspect their thought process is closer to how AI works than to how image-rich or word-rich human minds work. One commenter mused that their habit of carefully choosing words (since they think only in words) makes it easy to communicate with AI, and indeed they “[enter] into conversation and we discuss” tasks, almost like two AI agents might[32]. He half-jokingly called it “thinking like AI,” but there’s truth there: large language models don’t form pictures, they just manipulate symbols (words) based on patterns. Aphantasic, non-imager minds also rely on symbolic thinking. It’s as if some aphantasic people are naturally primed to collaborate with an AI – there is less of a gap between how they think and how the AI “thinks.” As that commenter noted, when someone who sees images tries to use a chatbot, they first have to translate their rich inner movie into text prompts. The aphantasic person is already “thinking in prompts” to begin with[32]. This may be one reason that many aphantasics report finding AI tools intuitive and powerful for them.
How exactly can chatbots help? A few emerging examples and possibilities:
Problem-Solving and Brainstorming: If you’re tackling a complex problem and you typically would visualize different approaches or simulate outcomes in your head, an aphantasic person might instead talk it through. ChatGPT can act as a sounding board – you pose the problem, the AI proposes steps or asks questions, you refine the idea, and so on. It’s like having an internal Socratic dialogue, but with a real dialogue partner. This could be useful in anything from planning a project to making a personal decision, especially for those who feel they “think better out loud.”
Internal Narrative and Emotional Processing: Some people use journaling or self-talk to process emotions (e.g. “I’m feeling anxious, maybe because of X; what can I do about it?”). For someone who doesn’t naturally engage in such inner speech, expressing it to an AI that responds empathetically or with coping suggestions could simulate that reflective process. It’s not a replacement for human therapy or one’s own introspection, but it can help externalize feelings in a dialogue form. The AI can also help put feelings into words, which someone who doesn’t verbalize internally might struggle with. (Of course, caution is warranted – AIs are not psychologists, but they can play a support role for some.)
Idea Exploration and Creativity: Similar to how AI art can boost visual creativity, AI text generation can boost creative thinking. Aphantasic writers or thinkers can ask a chatbot to “imagine aloud” various scenarios or descriptions that they can’t spontaneously visualize. For instance, an author with no mind’s eye might prompt ChatGPT: “Describe a spooky old mansion on a hill in autumn.” The AI’s answer provides concrete imagery (creaking stairs, flickering lamps) which the author can then use or modify. Essentially, the AI supplies the descriptive fuel that the author’s own visualization might not. This technique can also inspire new directions – the chatbot might suggest an angle the writer never “saw coming” (literally and figuratively).
Task Planning and Memory Assistance: Aphantasia can affect working memory – holding and manipulating images or lists in your head. Chatbots can help by, say, keeping track of a plan or checklist conversationally. You can ask, “Remind me what the plan is so far” or “What’s a logical next step?” and the AI will enumerate it. It’s like using your inner voice to recite a checklist, except the AI does the reciting on demand. This frees the person from needing any mental sketchpad or inner narration to stay organized. Early evidence of this benefit is mostly anecdotal, but it aligns with how many people use digital assistants generally – as a memory extension.
It’s fascinating that AI can serve as a mirror or amplifier for cognitive processes that some people lack or have in a limited way. Aphantasic minds demonstrate that the human experience is not one-size-fits-all; some of us rely on visuals, some on words, some on other senses or pure concepts. AI, in a sense, is the ultimate flexible tool – it can generate images, words, sounds, even simulate dialogue. So it can interface with different thinking styles in different ways. We’re seeing the first wave of aphantasic individuals leverage AI to level the playing field of imagination. As one aphantasic artist summarized: “Art is still possible without being able to picture things… but [AI] is augmenting my creative process with a crucial step that I miss in my own brain”[37][26]. That “missing step” – whether it’s a picture or an inner voice – can now be outsourced to a willing algorithm.
Implications and Future Perspectives
The intersection of aphantasia and AI is a new frontier that raises profound questions about the nature of imagination, creativity, and human-AI synergy. By stitching together what’s relevant from cognitive science and technology, as we have done above, a picture emerges of AI as a cognitive prosthetic – a tool that can compensate for specific gaps in human internal experience.
For individuals with aphantasia, the implications are both practical and deeply personal. On a practical level, AI systems may improve educational and work outcomes. For example, educators might provide aphantasic students with AI-generated visuals to accompany reading assignments or use language models to help students describe what they know in lieu of visual presentations. In creative industries, we may see more aphantasic creators coming forward, empowered by tools that let them iterate visually or narratively without the barrier of mental imagery. The playing field between those with vivid imaginations and those without might be leveled by accessible AI creativity tools. It’s noteworthy that aphantasia went largely unrecognized for so long (many discover it in adulthood and assume everyone thinks that way until told otherwise). With increased awareness, and now these AI aids, aphantasic thinkers could contribute in areas once thought to require a mind’s eye – from art and design to scientific visualization – bringing fresh, diverse perspectives. After all, aphantasics often approach problems unconventionally (since they don’t use mental imagery, they might find novel solutions others overlook[38][39]). Coupling that outside-the-box cognitive style with AI might yield innovations in how we design, write, and invent.
On a personal level, having an external channel for imagery and inner speech can be affirming. Some people describe a sense of validation and excitement – “finally, I can see what everyone else can”[28][31]. This can boost confidence and emotional connection. For instance, being able to produce a picture of a loved one or a place you miss (via description and AI) might create a stronger emotional experience than just thinking of the factual memory. Similarly, engaging in “conversation” with an AI might help those who felt isolated by an inability to talk to themselves. It’s not that the AI is human or alive – but it provides an outlet to articulate thoughts and see them reflected back in a coherent way. In a sense, AI can be a cognitive companion, adapting to the user’s needs. For someone with ADHD and aphantasia, that might mean helping visualize and schedule tasks. For someone with anxiety and no inner voice, it might mean offering calming language and scenarios that the person can’t picture on their own. We should approach this carefully (AIs are tools, not therapists or teachers, without oversight), but the potential is there.
From a research perspective, the synergy between aphantasia and AI could also advance our understanding of the brain. Aphantasia presents a naturally occurring “knockout” of imagery, and AI offers a way to simulate what imagery does. Studying how aphantasic individuals use AI – which strategies they gravitate to, what improvements or pitfalls they experience – could shed light on the roles of visualization and inner speech in cognition. For example, if giving aphantasics external images or dialogues significantly improves certain memory or creative tasks, that provides evidence of how those tasks normally rely on internal imagery/monologue. Conversely, if aphantasics excel even more with AI (or in tasks AI handles well like coding, data analysis), it might underscore the power of thinking in abstractions. One Medium author drew parallels between latent spaces in AI models and the way an aphantasic brain might store knowledge – as non-visual abstractions that can still be recombined creatively[40]. Perhaps studying that analogy will help neuroscientists understand imagination in terms of data encoding and decoding.
In the bigger picture, what we see here is a form of neurodiversity interface: technology enabling different mind types to access experiences that were once locked behind neurological differences. Just as text-to-speech allows blind users to consume written content or cochlear implants let deaf individuals access sound, we might think of generative AI as an “imagination implant” for those with aphantasia. It doesn’t literally change their brain, but it provides a workaround that’s close enough to having the ability internally. And interestingly, it’s not limited to those with aphantasia – the tools that benefit them can also be used by anyone to enhance creativity (plenty of artists with normal imagery use AI for inspiration) or to better organize their thoughts (many people use chatbots to brainstorm ideas or draft emails). In that sense, aphantasic individuals might be the power users who show us all new ways to leverage AI for thinking. As one commentator quipped, “I do think like AI… and my habit of using words carefully make my prompts more effective… I consider [that one of] the gifts of aphantasia.”[32] Perhaps these “blind-mind” thinkers will lead the way in prompt engineering and human-AI collaboration techniques, teaching the rest of us how to more precisely articulate our visions and intentions.
Conclusion
Aphantasia challenges our assumptions about how the mind works – it reveals that some people live without imagery or inner sound, yet thrive through alternative modes of thought. Artificial intelligence, especially generative AI, is now providing those individuals with new channels to express and augment their inner world. The inability to picture something no longer means it can’t be pictured at all; the inability to internally narrate can be offset by an AI partner ready to chat. The relationship between aphantasic humans and AI is still in its early days, but it holds a mirror up to both. It forces us to ask: What is imagination, really? If a machine can render our ideas into images, does imagination reside in the conception or the visualization? If a chatbot helps formulate our thoughts, is the “voice” in our head necessarily our own? These philosophical questions aside, one thing is clear: for many people with aphantasia, AI is an empowering ally – a means to “see” and to “speak” in ways they never could before.
We are essentially witnessing a form of cognitive symbiosis. The human provides the spark of intent, the description, the conceptual kernel; the AI provides the elaboration, the picture or dialogue, the detail that the human’s mind would otherwise not fill in. Together they create a complete thought or creation. As Kildall joyfully stated, “augment my creative process with a crucial step that I miss in my own brain… It is an amazing time to be alive.”[37][26] What was once science fiction – a person with a “blind mind” being given synthetic vision by a computer – is now a daily reality in art studios and living rooms via cloud-based AI. In the coming years, we can expect this trend to grow, with more tailored AI tools for those who think differently. Rather than homogenizing creativity, such tools celebrate it: proving that there are many ways to imagine, and with a little technological help, everyone can bring their imagination (or lack thereof) to life.
Sources:
Arnold, D. & Bouyer, L. (2024). A deaf and blind mind: What it’s like to have no visual imagination and no inner voice[5][7]. ABC News / The Conversation.
Dawes, A. et al. (2022). Memories with a blind mind: Remembering the past and imagining the future with aphantasia. Cognition, 227, 105192[13].
Kildall, S. (2022). “AI Dreams for Aphantasia.” Medium[25][26].
Bonati, O. (2024). “How generative AI can help us understand aphantasia.” Medium[29].
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[32] [33] On The Topic Of: Are Aphantasic Minds Similar To ChatGPT? · Aphantasia Network
